An extension of the use of kinship terms is the word for "pupil, student, trainee, apprentice and disciple", which is "luuk sit"  (learning child). A teacher has the same status and obligation as a parent. This may be a vestige of a tradition in those days when schools were not in existence and those who sought education or training had to live in the home of the teachers. No tuition was asked for but the learners had to help around the house as if they had been one of the younger "yaat". 

  

To refer to anybody who is, closely as well as remotely, related to them by blood, by marriage or just by association. The closest English equivalent is perhaps the word "relatives."  When a newcomer joined the village, they became a new "yaat." Even visitors could be granted a "yaat" status if they wished to be assimilated into the group.

 

When strangers meet, the title "khun" will be adopted until a satisfactory relationship develops, at which time kinship terms will be used instead. Age or seniority determines the choice of kinship term. It is interesting to note; however, that kinship terms on the maternal side are more preferable, perhaps because people feel closer to their mother than their father. Once kinship terms are adopted, both parties know that the relationship has reached a satisfactory level. To keep a distance is to ignore , explicitly or implicitly, the other party's attempt to use kinship terms and to maintain the use of the title "khun".  more on "khun"

 

Kinship sounds

พี่	pheeF	older sibling; older siblings
น้อง	naawngH	younger sibling
ลุง	loongM	uncle; elder uncle; elder brother of a parent; great uncle
ป้า	bpaaF	aunt; elder sister of parents
พ่อ	phaawF	father
แม่	maaeF	[general] mother
ปู่	bpuuL	grandfather; paternal grandfather; father's father; grandpa
ย่า	yaaF	paternal grandmother
ตา	dtaaM	maternal grandfather
ยาย	yaayM	maternal grandmother
เจ๊	jehH	[แต้จิ๋ว  dialect] elder sister
โก	gohM	[ไหหลำ dialect] elder brother
หลาน	laanR	grandchild
เหลน	laehnR	great-grandchild
อา	aaM	aunt or uncle; younger sister or brother of father
เตี่ย	dtiiaL	[แต้จิ๋ว  dialect] father
ม่วย	muayF	[แต้จิ๋ว  dialect] younger sister
เฮีย	hiiaM	[แต้จิ๋ว  dialect] elder brother
ตี๋	dteeR	[แต้จิ๋ว  dialect] younger brother
ทวด	thuaatF	great-grandparent
ก๋ง	gohngR	maternal grandfather
ชวด	chuaatF	great grandparent
ทวดน้อย	thuaatF naawyH	great-granduncle; great-grandaunt
อัยยิกา	aiM yiH gaaM	grandmother
น้า	naaH	aunt; younger sister of mother
น้า	naaH	uncle; younger brother of mother
อื๊ม	euumH	aunt; mother's elder sister
ซิ้ม	simH	aunt
ยายทวด	yaayM thuaatF	great grandmother on the maternal grandmother's side
ตาทวด	dtaaM thuaatF	great grandfather; maternal grandfather's or maternal grandmother's father; great granduncle
ย่าทวด	yaaF thuaatF	great grandmother; paternal grandfather's or paternal grandmother's mother; great grandaunt
ปู่ทวด	bpuuL thuaatF	great grandfather; paternal great grandfather
พี่เขย	pheeF kheeuyR	brother-in-law (older)
น้องเขย	naawngH kheeuyR	brother or sister in law who is younger; a man or woman who is married to one’s younger sister or brother.
ลูกเขย	luukF kheeuyR	son-in-law
ลูกสะใภ้	luukF saL phaiH	daughter-in-law
น้องสะใภ้	naawngH saL phaiH	sister-in-law (younger)
พี่สะใภ้	pheeF saL phaiH	sister-in-law (older)
แป๊ะ	bpaeH	uncle
แม่ยาย	maaeF yaayM	mother-in-law (wife's mother)
แม่ผัว	maaeF phuaaR	mother-in-law (husband's mother) [colloquial or non-prestige dialect]