AboutI am not an expert (and not that many thais or others knew all that follows) so we give credit to Google and others... This material is only intended to introduce the traditional Thai calendar concept.There are many other aspects of information used in Thai language for time terms such as "Moang", "Yam", "Toom", "Tee", or short-term time keeping such as "Yok" (based on coconut water clock) which are not covered here because I am not qualified on the linguistics terms.
Please be aware there may be spellings errors of Thai and Pali/Sanskrit words. THAI NAGASATRA (Thai Year Names) éThere are twelve Year Names in Thai: - Chuad (Rat), Chalu (Bull), Khal (Tiger), Toa (Hare), Maroang (Big Snake), Maseng (Little Snake), Mamia (Horse), Mamaae (Goat), Wog (Monkey), Raga (Rooster), Jau (Dog), Goon (Pig). éThese names cover twelve-year cycle but can be extended to cover one-hundred-and-twenty-year cycle by adding a counter suffix after the name: - ek (one), to (two), tri (three), jatawa (four), benja (five), cho (six), satawa (seven), attha (eight), noppa (nine), samriti (ten). Then add the word Sok (year). Example, Pi Chuad To Sok is the second Chuad year in the 120-year cycle. HISTORICAL CHARTThere are several different systems, continuous and discontinuous counting:
Mahasakarat = Saka-era = "Large Sakarat." In ancient inscriptions, this time accounting indichen heritage uses. Especially under the influence of the Khmer Empire was the era in the historical Thailand until the middle of the 13th Century AD used. The Saka Era (era) (MS) begins with a Schaka-king, on 17 March 78 AD after a victory in Ujjayin the rule in India six months. 0 Saka = 78 AD. Conversion:- 1st January to Maha Songkran: MS = AD - 79 AD = MS + 79 Maha Songkran to 31 December: MS = AD - 78 AD + 78 = MS Mahasakarat = minus 621st FA click to enlarge image Dates Countries accept the Georgian Calendar system  Chulasakarat, Julasakarat Small = Sakarat, later superseded the Mahasakarat-time accounting from the middle of the 13th Century AD under the influence of the Sun (Burma). It has been standard in the Ayutthaya period and was up to King Chulalongkorn used. Is the reference point 21-22. March AD 638 and 1181 BE. Or just less than 1181 years of Buddhist era. Conversion:- 1st January to Songkran Festival: ChS = AD - 639 AD = 639 + ChS Maha Songkran to 31 December: ChS = AD - 638 AD = 638 + ChS Note: AD year January, BE in Thailand: New Year in April! Chulasakarat = BE minus 1181 Ratanakosinsok, Ratana Kosindra Sok In 1889 AD (2431 FA) was founded by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) of the Gregorian calendar (Suriyakati calendar) was introduced. 1889, the date of the annual census in the Gregorian calendar shift to the formation of a new residential town relocated Bangkok: On 1.4.1782 began the year AD 1 RS. This annual census was called Ratanakosinsok (Ratanakosin is the name for the central zone in Bangkok, where the royal city was built, so to speak, the old name of Bangkok). King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) changed the counting from the Buddha's death in 1912 AD. Conversion:- 1st January to 1 April: RS = AD - 1782 AD + RS = 1782 1st April to 31 December: RS = AD - 1781 AD + RS = 1781 Note: AD year January, BE in Thailand: New Year in April! Ratanakosinsok = BE minus 2324 Buddhasakarat, BE, Buddhist era AD use from 21.12.1912 until today. The own son of Chulalongkorn, Vajiravudh, managed only 23 years later, the calendar of his father again. Counting from Buddha's death in 543 BC conversion:- 1st January to Maha Songkran: BE = + AD 542, AD = BE - 54 Maha Songkran to 31 December: BE = + AD 543, AD = BE - 543 Note: AD year January, BE in Thailand: New Year in A NB: Do not confuse with Cambodia-BE: They have a difference of 544 yrs The following has credits, we used information from records compilied by
Rom Hiranpruk, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University August 1993
1. Siam Almanac 2529, Siam Bann Ltd., Bangkok, 1986. 2. Kloy Songbandhit, One Hundred Year Calendar, Silpabannakarn Publishing, 1960. 3. So Sethaputra, New Model Thai-English Dictionary, So Sethaputra Press, 1965. 4. Royal Academy, Thai Dictionary, Aksorncharoentasana Press, 1988. THAI CHANTARAKATI CALENDAR (Lunar Calendar) Chantarakati is the way to keep dates by using the Moon's orbital cycle around the Earth. Each cycle is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes. Chantarakati month is therefore 30 days or 29 days alternately for the whole year. Each month begins on Wan Kuen Nueng Kham (first day of the waxing moon). Wan Kuen Sib Ha Kham (day of the full moon) is the middle of the month. Wan Dub is last day of the month which is either Wan Ram 15 Kham or Wan Ram 14 Kham depending on whether that month has 30 or 29 days. Moon Phases Thailand
Because each month is 30 or 29 days long, the Lunar-year days will be shorter by about 12 days than the actual time the Earth circles the Sun. To be synchronous with the seasonal changes, every two or three years another month is added to Duen Pad (the Eighth month) and called Duen Pad Lung (the latter Eighth month). Such year with two Duen Pads is called ATHIKAMAS.
The Chantarakati months are named from one to twelve: -
ai (one), yi (two), sam (three), si (four), ha (five), hok (six), jed (seven), pad (eight), kao (nine), sib (ten), sib-ed (eleven), sib-song (twelve).
The first month on Prokatimas year (ordinary year) falls in November but in Athikamas year (year with two Duen Pad's) it falls in December.
widget / window below if not able to view or display best practice is use external link Moon Phase today  Chantarakati date is stated by the moon-position/lunar-month-name/year-name, for example: Kuen Sib Kham/Duen Sib-ed/Pi Mamia Cho Sok which is 7th October B.E. 2497. If the day is not provided, finding the day in this dating system requires a calendar table.
Furthermore, to compensate for the still missing days, every 4 or 5 years another day is added to Duen Jed (the Seventh Month) to make it a 30-day month. This added day is called ATHIKAWARA and cannot occur on Athikamas year. THAI CALENDAR TERMINOLOGYThe date system based on solar year which is currently the international date system based on Gregorian Calendar with January 1st as the first day of year. Thailand adopted the solar calendar officially during the reign of King Rama V in B.E. 2431 using April 1 as the first day of year. In B.E. 2483 the government of Field Marshall Pibulsongkram changed the first day of year to January 1, therefore B.E. 2431 and B.E. 2483 are shorter than usual.
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